Nutrigenomics involves the characterisation of all gene products affected by nutrients and their metabolic consequences.Nutrigenetics is an aspect of personalised nutrition that studies the different phenotypic responses (ie, weight, blood pressure, plasma cholesterol, or glucose levels) to a specific diet (ie, low fat or Mediterranean diets), depending on the genotype of the individual.
The degree of scientific certainty required for precision nutrition is much greater than that required for the other approaches It suggests that it is possible to have sufficient quantitative understanding about the complex relationships between an individual, his/her food consumption, and his/her phenotype (including health) to offer nutritional intervention/advice, which is known to be individually beneficial. Precision nutrition is the most ambitious of the descriptors.Personalised nutrition and individually tailored nutrition mean similar things and go a step further by attempting to deliver nutritional intervention/advice suited to each individual.These approaches attempt to group individuals with shared characteristics and to deliver nutritional intervention/advice that is suited to each group Stratified and tailored nutrition are similar (if not synonymous).We have attempted to group the descriptors as follows: In addition to the term personalised nutrition, many other terms are used-for example, precision nutrition, stratified nutrition, tailored nutrition, and individually tailored nutrition. In common with other scientific fields in their early development, multiple concepts and descriptors are used in personalised nutrition, sometimes without rigorous definition.
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